Zahlavi

Ústavní semináře

Ústavní semináře, obvykle vedené v anglickém jazyce, jsou vyhrazeny tématům, rozšiřujícím znalosti v oblastech zájmu jednotlivých oddělení: zejména jde o semináře významných hostů ÚJF AV ČR, referáty odborných skupin ÚJF a prezentace vynikajících výsledků.

Příští semináře:

19. září 2024, 10:00, zasedací místnost ÚJF

  • M. Ansorge: Collimated beams of fast neutrons and on-beam nuclear data measurements with CLID system at U-120M facility

26. září 2024, 10:00, zasedací místnost ÚJF

  • J. Šneberger: Bioarchaeology – a multidisciplinary approach to the reconstruction of the life and death of past populations

  • J. Bíšková: Reservoirs in bone collagen as a significant factor affecting radiocarbon dating in archaeology

Abstracts:

Collimated beams of fast neutrons and on-beam nuclear data measurements with CLID system at U-120M facility

Ing. Martin Ansorge
DNR NPI

This seminar presents the development and application of the CLID (Chamber for Light Ion Detection) system for nuclear data measurements using collimated fast neutron beams at the U-120M cyclotron facility. The presentation will cover the characterization of the neutron field produced by the p+Be reaction, including spectral measurements using proton recoil telescope (PRT) and time-of-flight (ToF) methods. The design and capabilities of the CLID vacuum chamber, equipped with ΔE-E telescopes for charged particle detection, will be described. The seminar will focus on recent measurements of production double-differential cross-sections (DDCS) for (n,xp) and (n,xd) reactions on carbon and yttrium targets at neutron energies from up to 33 MeV. The experimental setup, data analysis techniques, and results will be discussed, along with comparisons to theoretical TALYS predictions and existing data. The presentation will conclude with an overview of ongoing developments and future plans for collimated fast neutron beams and the CLID system, including improvements in energy resolution.

Bioarchaeology – a multidisciplinary approach to the reconstruction of the life and death of past populations

Mgr. Jiří Šneberger
DRD NPI, Institute of Archaeology of the CAS, Faculty of Science UK, Museum of West Bohemia

The term "bioarchaeology" was first defined in 1972 and 1973 by British archaeologist Graham Clark, who used it to describe the analysis of fauna recovered from the now iconic Star Carr prehistoric locality in North Yorkshire, England. The term was also independently coined in 1977 by American physical anthropologist Jane Buikstra as a means of analysing human skeletal remains. In both instances, the objective was to move archaeology and physical anthropology away from the then-prevalent strongly descriptive approach to the generating and addressing questions about life of past populations. As the scientific community began to generate questions and attempt to answer them, it became evident that there were inherent problems in working with dead populations. To address these challenges, bioarchaeologists have employed a range of natural science techniques. In the present era, bioarchaeology endeavours to integrate a diverse array of natural scientific techniques alongside established archaeological and anthropological methodologies to elucidate questions pertaining to past populations. These include techniques such as a DNA analysis, radiocarbon dating, stable isotope analysis, and numerous others. The objective of this seminar is to provide an introduction to bioarchaeology, including its historical development, theoretical background, and the issues that surround the field. Additionally, I will give an example of a bioarchaeological approach to the evaluation of a specific assemblage within a currently emerging project.

Reservoirs in bone collagen as a significant factor affecting radiocarbon dating in archaeology

Mgr. Jarmila Bíšková
DRD NPI & Department of archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University

Radiocarbon dating has become a cornerstone methodology in archaeological research, enabling the chronological placement of artefacts and remains. However, the reliability of radiocarbon dates derived from bone collagen is significantly influenced by various factors, particularly the preservation state of collagen and the presence of reservoir effects. The freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) is a significant factor influencing the accuracy of radiocarbon dating, particularly in archaeological contexts where human and faunal remains are derived from freshwater environments. This phenomenon occurs when carbon from aquatic organisms, which is often depleted in radiocarbon due to the uptake of ancient carbon sources, is incorporated into the diets of humans and animals, leading to radiocarbon dates that appear older than their actual chronological context. Recent studies have demonstrated that the FRE can cause substantial offsets in radiocarbon ages, particularly in regions with significant freshwater resource exploitation. As researchers continue to explore the complexities of dietary influences on radiocarbon ages, it is essential to incorporate a comprehensive understanding of the FRE into archaeological methodologies. This will enhance the accuracy of chronological reconstructions and provide a clearer picture of past human behaviours and environmental interactions.

Archiv ústavních seminářů:

 

 

2023

 

Pro odbornou veřejnost
O Ústavu jaderné fyziky
Oddělení
Výzkum a vývoj
Naše služby
Pro veřejnost a média
Statutární zástupce: Ing. Ondřej Svoboda, Ph.D.  •  IČ: 61389005  •  DIČ: CZ61389005  •  Číslo účtu: 671958383/0300  •  Elektronická podatelna: ujf@ujf.cas.cz  •  ID datové schránky: t8xmzqw
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